8 Chinese Dog Breeds with Ancient Heritage

1. Shih Tzu

The Shih Tzu, a breed with roots stretching back over a thousand years to Tibet, is often thought to be a mix between the Lhasa Apso and the Pekingese, given their similar looks. For ages, these dogs were pampered companions for Tibetan nobility and were even given as gifts. It's pretty wild to think that this breed almost disappeared during the Communist Revolution, especially with the passing of Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi, who was a big supporter of breeding programs for Shih Tzus, Pekingese, and Pugs. Thankfully, dedicated breeders managed to save them from extinction using the small number of dogs that remained. Today, the Shih Tzu is a super popular dog all over the world.

These little guys typically weigh up to 16 pounds and stand about 9 to 10.5 inches tall. Because they've spent so much time being doted on by humans, they've become really affectionate. They tend to get along well with their families, kids, and other dogs too. Plus, they're known for being pretty easy to train, which makes them a good choice for people who are getting their first dog.

Key Characteristics

• Appearance: Known for their lion-like look, Shih Tzus have a sturdy build for their size.
• Temperament: Affectionate, outgoing, and friendly, they thrive on companionship.
• Lifespan: Shih Tzus can live quite a long time, often up to 18 years, which is pretty impressive for a dog.

While Shih Tzus are generally healthy, it's worth noting that, like Pekingese, they can be prone to brachycephalic syndrome, which might affect their airways. It's always a good idea to chat with your vet about potential health concerns.

2. Pekingese

The Pekingese, often called a "Peke," is a small dog with a big history, supposedly created by Buddha himself by shrinking a lion. Seriously, they have this mane that totally makes them look like a little lion. These dogs were exclusively for Chinese royalty, like, only the emperor and his family could have them. They were kept in the palaces and were super pampered.

When Westerners first saw them was after some British soldiers went into the emperor's summer palace in Beijing back in 1860. They brought some back to the US, and the American Kennel Club officially recognized them in 1906. People really like them because they're affectionate and super loyal to their owners. They're definitely lap dogs, happy to just chill with you.

Origins and Imperial Past

Key Characteristics

• Appearance: They have a distinctive lion-like mane and a sturdy build. Their coat is long and requires regular grooming.
• Temperament: Pekingese are known for being confident, charming, and very attached to their families. They can be a bit independent, though.
• Health Notes: These dogs can be prone to certain health issues, like back problems due to their body shape. They also don't do well in hot weather, so you have to be careful with them outside when it's warm.

It's important to manage their weight and keep up with grooming to keep them healthy and happy. They can also develop arthritis as they get older, which is common in many small breeds.

3. Chow Chow

The Chow Chow is a breed that really makes you stop and stare. It's thought to be one of the oldest dog breeds out there, with roots going way back to China's Han Dynasty, around 200 B.C. Can you imagine? These dogs weren't just pets; they were serious business. Emperors kept thousands of them, using them for everything from guarding palaces to hunting and even pulling carts. They've got this distinctive lion-like mane and a pretty serious, dignified air about them.

Origins and History

Chow Chows have been around for ages, really. We're talking artifacts from the Han Dynasty that look a lot like them. They were bred by all sorts of people, not just royalty, though the nobles certainly had a lot of them. Over time, they became useful for all sorts of jobs – hunting, hauling, and herding. When Westerners first saw them in the 1820s, they were even shown at the London Zoo as if they were some kind of exotic wild animal. The American Kennel Club finally gave them the official nod in 1903.

Temperament and Personality

These dogs are known for being loyal, but mostly to one person. They tend to bond very closely with their main human. While they'll put up with the rest of the family, they're usually pretty wary of anyone they don't know. It's like they have a very select circle of trust, and once you're in, you're in. But getting in can be a challenge.

Grooming and Care

Get ready for grooming if you're thinking about a Chow Chow. They have this super thick double coat, which is great for keeping them warm and protecting them from bugs, but it needs a lot of attention. Regular brushing is a must to stop it from getting all matted. And you really have to watch them in hot weather. All that fur can make them overheat easily, so keeping them in a cool place, maybe with air conditioning, is a good idea during the summer months.

Key Characteristics

• Appearance: Distinctive lion-like mane, blue-black tongue, sturdy build.
• Temperament: Loyal, independent, aloof with strangers, protective.
• Grooming Needs: High; requires regular brushing of thick double coat.
• Exercise: Moderate; needs regular walks but avoid strenuous activity in heat.

Chow Chows are not your typical eager-to-please dog. They have a strong will and a reserved nature that requires early socialization and consistent training to manage effectively. Building trust is key with this breed.

4. Shar-Pei

Known for their distinctive wrinkled skin and a unique blue-black tongue, the Shar-Pei is a breed with roots stretching back over 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty in China. Originally, these dogs weren't pampered pets; they were bred for common folk, working as versatile farm dogs, guarding livestock, and protecting homes. They're not exactly known for being barkers, which is a plus if you prefer a quieter companion.

It's pretty wild to think that this breed almost disappeared. Back in the mid-20th century, owning dogs was actually banned in China, and many breeds, including the Shar-Pei, were targeted. Thankfully, dedicated breeders stepped in, and the breed made a comeback. The American Kennel Club officially recognized them in 1992, and now they're a familiar sight, even ranking among the more popular breeds.

Key Characteristics

• Appearance: Instantly recognizable by their deep wrinkles and a blue-black tongue. They have a medium build, typically weighing between 45-60 pounds.
• Temperament: Shar-Peis are generally calm, independent, and reserved. They form strong bonds with their families and are quite protective, though they can be a bit standoffish with strangers. Early socialization is a good idea to help them feel comfortable around new people and animals.
• Grooming: Those signature wrinkles need regular cleaning to prevent any skin issues or infections. The short coat itself is pretty low-maintenance, just needing an occasional brush.

While their unique look is a big draw, potential owners should be aware that the Shar-Pei's wrinkles can require diligent care to keep them healthy and free from irritation. It's a commitment, but for many, it's well worth it for this ancient breed.

5. Lhasa Apso

Origins and History

The Lhasa Apso is a breed with roots stretching back thousands of years, originating from the rugged Himalayan Mountains. These dogs weren't just pets; they were integral to the spiritual and protective life within Tibetan monasteries. Monks believed that the souls of deceased spiritual masters could inhabit these dogs while awaiting reincarnation. Primarily, they served as vigilant watchdogs, their sharp barks alerting residents to any approaching intruders. This history as sentinels is still evident in their alert and protective nature today.

Temperament and Personality

Lhasas are known for being loyal and affectionate companions, but they also possess an independent streak. They tend to be watchful and can be a bit reserved around unfamiliar people, a trait that harks back to their watchdog days. Early socialization is helpful to ensure they are well-adjusted, especially if you have other pets or frequent visitors.

Physical Characteristics

These small dogs typically weigh between 12 to 18 pounds and stand no taller than 11 inches. Their most striking feature is their long, flowing coat, which requires consistent grooming to keep it in good condition and prevent tangles. Despite their size, they have a sturdy build.

Care Needs

• Grooming: Regular brushing is a must for that beautiful coat. Aim for several times a week to avoid mats.
• Exercise: While not overly demanding, they do need daily walks and playtime to stay happy and healthy.
• Training: They are intelligent but can be a bit stubborn. Positive reinforcement methods work best.

The Lhasa Apso's history as a monastery guard dog means they have a natural inclination to be alert and protective of their home and family. This makes them excellent watchdogs, though it also means they might be a bit wary of strangers at first.

6. Tibetan Terrier

So, the Tibetan Terrier. You might hear the name and think, "Oh, a little terrier like a Jack Russell," but nope, that's not quite right. These dogs are actually quite different from the terriers we usually picture. They come from Tibet, obviously, and have this really old history, like over 2,000 years old. They were basically companions for monks in monasteries and also helped out on farms, looking after things. They're known for being super affectionate and really bond with their families.

These dogs have a pretty unique look. They've got this double coat – a wooly undercoat and then this really long topcoat. It's pretty cool, and it means they need regular brushing to keep it from getting all tangled up. Apparently, they're also considered hypoallergenic because they don't shed much, which is a bonus if you have allergies.

Size and Personality

Tibetan Terriers are generally considered small to medium-sized dogs. They usually weigh between 18 to 30 pounds and stand about 14 to 17 inches tall. They're described as friendly, lively, and really sweet. They tend to get along well with kids and other pets, though they might be a little shy around new people at first. Once they get to know you, though, they're super loyal.

Grooming Needs

Their long, flowing coat is the main thing when it comes to grooming. You'll need to brush them pretty regularly, maybe a few times a week, to stop mats from forming. It's not super complicated, but it does take some time. Other than that, their coat is pretty low-maintenance.

Historical Role

These dogs have a really interesting past. They were bred in monasteries in the Himalayas, which is why they have that thick coat – it was for the cold mountain weather. They weren't just pets; they were also used as watchdogs and herders. It's pretty neat to think they've been around for so long and have such a varied history.

It's fascinating how these dogs were integrated into monastic life, serving as companions and protectors. Their development in such a unique environment shaped them into the loyal and adaptable dogs we see today.

7. Pug

Pugs have been around in China for a really long time, possibly even back to the Song Dynasty. They were pretty fancy even then, mostly hanging out on laps, which is kind of funny when you think about it. These little guys eventually made their way to Europe and became super popular, especially with royalty. Queen Victoria, for example, apparently had a whole bunch of them. They're still pretty popular today, too.

I've had Pugs myself, and they're just the sweetest. They get along with pretty much everyone – kids, other pets, you name it. They're just generally good dogs to have around. But, and this is a big but, because their faces are so flat, they can have breathing problems. It's called brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. The good news is, it can often be fixed with surgery, and the younger they get it, the better. Also, watch out because they tend to gain weight easily. Oh, and if you're a light sleeper, be warned: they snore. Loudly.

Temperament

Pugs are really social and love being with people. They're known for being good with kids, which is a big plus for families. They can be a little stubborn sometimes, but they usually respond well to training if you use positive methods.

Grooming

Their short coat doesn't need a ton of grooming, which is nice. However, you do need to keep their facial wrinkles clean. If you don't, they can get irritated, and nobody wants that.

Health Considerations

Pugs, like other breeds with flat faces, can suffer from breathing issues due to their facial structure. It's something to be aware of and discuss with your vet.

They also have a tendency to become overweight, so keeping them active and managing their diet is important. And yes, the snoring is real!

8. Chinese Crested

Origins and History

The Chinese Crested is a bit of an enigma, with its exact beginnings shrouded in a bit of mystery. What we do know is that ancient hairless dogs likely made their way to China from Africa. Over time, the Chinese refined these dogs, breeding them into the smaller versions we recognize today. For centuries, these pups were known as "Chinese ship dogs." Sailors from all over the world really liked them because they were great at catching and killing the nasty vermin that carried diseases on ships. It took a while for this old breed to get official recognition in the United States, but the AKC finally said yes in 1991.

Varieties and Appearance

Today, you'll see two main types of Chinese Cresteds. The hairless kind has fur only on its ankles, head, and tail. The other type, called the Powderpuff, is covered all over in soft fur. It's pretty neat how they can look so different but still be the same breed.

Temperament and Care

These dogs are really alert and love their people, making them fun pets. They've got a great temperament, generally speaking. However, the hairless variety can sometimes get blackheads along their backs. If you live somewhere sunny, their skin can get sunburned too. So, just like with any hairless breed, it's a good idea to chat with your vet about how to protect your pup's skin from the sun.

9. Tibetan Spaniel

Origins and Role

The Tibetan Spaniel, often called a “little lion” by Tibetan monks, has a history stretching back centuries, deeply intertwined with Buddhist monasteries. These small dogs weren't just companions; they also served as alert watchdogs. Perched high on monastery walls, they would bark to signal approaching visitors, acting as an early warning system. This dual role as a beloved companion and a vigilant sentinel shaped their temperament and intelligence.

Key Characteristics

• Size: Typically weighing between 9 to 15 pounds, these are truly small dogs.
• Temperament: Tibetan Spaniels are known for being intelligent, alert, and affectionate. They form strong bonds with their families but can be a bit reserved around strangers, a trait likely stemming from their watchdog past. Early socialization is beneficial.
• Grooming: They possess a lovely, medium-long coat that requires regular brushing. This helps keep their fur soft and prevents mats from forming, especially around their ears and tail.

A Companionable Breed

While their past involved guarding monasteries, today's Tibetan Spaniels are primarily cherished as devoted family pets. They are generally good with children and enjoy being part of household activities. Their intelligence means they can be trained, though their independent streak means positive reinforcement works best. They're happy to be by your side, whether you're relaxing at home or engaging in gentle play.

These dogs were bred to be lap warmers and alert systems, a combination that makes them quite adaptable to different living situations, as long as they get enough attention from their people.

10. Xiasi Quan

The Xiasi Quan, also known as the Xiasi Dog, hails from the village of Xiasi in China's Guizhou province. Legend has it that back in 1080, people in this region developed a deep respect for this breed, believing it would bring good fortune and wealth to its owners. While they were also used for hunting, today's Xiasi Quan are more likely to be found lounging inside their homes, known for their kind and gentle nature. They're also pretty smart cookies and usually pick up training pretty quickly.

Finding one of these pups, however, might be a bit of a challenge. The Xiasi Quan isn't recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) and isn't all that common in the United States. In fact, they're considered one of the rarest dog breeds globally, with estimates suggesting there are only around 300 purebreds left.

Origins

• Village of Xiasi, Guizhou Province, China

Temperament

• Kind
• Gentle
• Intelligent
• Trainable

Rarity

This breed is exceptionally rare, making it a unique find for any dog enthusiast.

More Than Just Cute Faces

So, there you have it – a peek into some of the amazing dog breeds that have a long history in China. These dogs aren't just pets; they're living links to ancient times, each with its own story. It’s pretty cool to think about how these breeds have been around for so long, serving different roles from guard dogs to royal companions. If you're thinking about adding a dog to your family, maybe one of these ancient breeds will catch your eye. Just remember to do your homework on their needs to make sure you're a good match!